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On January 28, 1932 in what became known as the "January 28 Incident" in Chinese or the "Shanghai incident" in Japanese began in Shanghai in China. Later, became known as the First Shanghai incident.
January 28 Incident / First Shanghai incident
Before midnight on January 28, 1932 Chinese troops in plainclothes infiltrated the Hongkou District in Shanghai where most Japanese lived and fired on Japanese Navy personnel leaving their headquarters. In response, the Japanese mobilized 3,000 sailors as the 19th Route Army defended fiercely and were reinforced by nine planes from the Chinese Air Force flown to Hongqiao Airfield and engaged in dog fights over Shanghai.
On the ground, fighting took place in the Hongkou District and Zhabei District and spread towards Wusong and Jiangwan. During the battle, The Commercial Press and the Oriental Library were destroyed as foreign powers including the United States, United Kingdom and France attempted to negotiate a ceasefire but it was broken with both sides blaming the other. On January 30, 1932 Chiang Kai-shek relocated the capital from Nanjing to Luoyang.
On February 12, 1932 a half day ceasefire was brokered for humanitarian relief. Both sides added reinforcements with the Chinese adding the 5th Army 87th Division and 88th Division. The Japanese were reinforced by the Japanese Army 9th Infantry Division and 24th Mixed Brigade. On March 4, 1943 the League of Nations demanded a ceasefire with the Chinese agreeing two days later but the Japanese rejected the proposal as intermittent fighting continued.
Outcome
On May 5, 1932 the Chinese and Japanese signed the Ceasefire Agreement ending the flighting and banned China from garrisoning soldiers around Shanghai, Suzhou, and Kunshan with only a small police force in the city and allowed a few Japanese units in the city. During the Second Sino-Japanese War, was the Battle of Shanghai / Second Shinghai Incident between August 13, 1937–November 26, 1937.
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Last Updated
February 7, 2026
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