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 IJA c1930  TASS August 1945 |
Location Lat 45°45′N Long 126° 39′E Harbin is located at an elevation of 459' / 140m above sea level in northern Manchuria in northern China. At the northern edge of the city is the Sungari River. Between March 1, 1932–September 2, 1945 part of Manchukuo. Today located in Heilongjiang Province in the Inner Mongolia (Nei Mongol Autonomous Region (NMAR) of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Wartime History After the Manchurian Incident in 1931, Japanese forces occupied Harbin and the vicinity on February 4, 1932. In 1935 the Soviet Union sold the KVZhD railway to the Japanese, and many Russians living in Harbin departed the city. Unit 731 (Detachment 731, Isshi Unit) During late 1934, the Epidemic Prevention and Water Purification Department (EWSD) of the Kwantung Army moved to a new base in the suburb of Heibo (Pingfan) to the south of Harbin. Also known as Unit 731, Detachment 731 or the "Isshi Unit under the command of Surgeon General Shirō Ishii. A covert project for the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) code named "Maruta" used Chinese for experimentation and tested the impacts of biological weapons and chemical weapons. The experiments conducted by Unit 731 resulted in some of the most notorious war crimes carried out by Imperial Japan. During the Battle of Khalkin Gol / Nomonhan Incident between May–September 1939, a total of 87 Soviet prisoners were detained at a stockade at Harbin, then returned to Soviet lines on September 27, 1939. On August 9, 1945 after midnight, the Soviet Union launched "Operation August Storm" attacking Manchuria on three fronts including including the Harbin–Kirin Offensive Operation targeting Harbin. Advancing quickly, Harbin captured on August 20, 1945 with Chinese Kuomintang Army forces stopped 60km short of the city. Postwar During August 1945, Soviet forces entered Manchuria and gave the Chinese communists control over most of the area. The city's administration was transferred to the Chinese People's Liberation Army during April 1946. Harbin was the first major city to be controlled by the Communist. Mansyu Hikoki Seizo K.K. Aircraft factory in Harbin, assembled Type 4 Fighter Hayate / Ki-84-I Ko (Frank) Harbin Airfield (No. 1) Prewar airfield used by Manchukuoan and JAAF Harbin Airfield (No. 2) Prewar airfield used by Manchukuoan and JAAF Harbin Airfield (No. 3) Prewar airfield used by Manchukuoan and JAAF References Nomonhan page 930-931 Political Situation Prior To Outbreak of War, Part I page 5 Contribute
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